Viceroys of India

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Viceroys of India

Lord Canning (1856-1862):.The last Governor-General and the first Viceroy. The mutiny took place in his time. On Nov.1858 the rule passed on the crown. Withdrew Doctrine of Lapse. The Universities of Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras were established in 1857. Indian Councils Act was passed in 1861.

Lord Elgin(1862-1863) Lord Lawrece(1864-1869) :

.Telegraphics communication was opened with Europe. High courts were established at Calcutta, Bombay, and Madras in 1865. Expanded canel works and railway. Created the Indian Forest Department.

Lord Mayo(1869-1872): Known as the Viceroy of reverse characters. Arms Act (1878) made it mandatory for Indians to acquire a license for arms. Passed the infamous Vernacular Press Act (1878).

Lord Ripon (1880-1884):.Liberal person, who sympathized with Indians. Repealed the Vernacular Press Act(1882). Passed the local self-government Act(1882). The I Factory Act 1881, aimed at prohibiting child labor. Passed the Albert bill (1883) which enabled Indian district magistrates to try European criminals. But this was withdrawn later.

Lord Dufferin(1884-1888): .indian National Congress was formed during his tenure.

Lord Lansdowne(1888-1894):.II Factory Act (1891) granted a weekly holiday and stipulated working hours for women and children, although it failed to address concerns such as work hours for men. Categorization of civil Services into Imperial, Provincial and Subordinate. .Indian Council Act of 1892 was passed. Appointment of Durand Commission to define the line between British India And Afghanistan.

Lord Elgin II: Great famine of 1896-1897. Layla Commission was appointed.

Lord Curzon(1899-1905): Passed the Indian Universities act(1904) in which official control ore the Universities was increased.Partitioned Bengal (October 16, 1905) into two provinces. (1)Bengal (proper) (2)East Bengal & Assam. Appointed a Police Commission under Sir Andrew razor to enquire into the police administration of every province. The rising of the frontier tribes in 1897-98 led him to create the North Western Frontier Province (NWFP). Passed the Indian Coinage and Paper Currency Act(1899) and put India on a gold standard. Extended railways to a great extent.

Lord Minto(1905-1910):.There was great political unrest in India. Various acts were passed to curb revolutionary activities. Extremists like Lala Lajpat Rai and Ajit Singh (in May 1907) and Bal Gangadhar black(in July 1908) were sent to Mandalay jail in Burma. .The Indian Council Act of 1909 or the Morley-Minto Reforms was passed.

Lord Hardinge(1910-1916):.Held a durbar in Dec 1991 to celebrate the coronation of King George V.A bomb was thrown at him, him but he escaped unhurt (Dec 23, 1912). Gandhi came back to India from S.Africa (1915). .Annie Besant Announced the Home Rule Movement.

Lord Chelmsford(1916-1921): August Declaration of 1917, whereby control over the Indian government would be gradually transferred to the Indian people. The government of India Act in 1919 (Montague-Chelmsford reforms) was passed. Rowlett Act of 1919; Jalliamnwla Bag (April 13, 1919) Non-Cooperation Movement. An Indian Sir S.P Sinha Founded at Poona in 1916. Saddler Commission was appointed in 1917 to envisage a new educational policy.

Lord Reading(1921-1926):.Rowlatt act was repealed along with the Press act of 1910. Suppressed non-cooperation movement. Prince of Wales visited India in Nov 1921. Moplah rebellion (1921) took place in Kerala. .Ahmadabad session of 1921.Formation of the Swaraj Party. Vishwa Bharati University started functioning in 1922. The Communist Party was founded in 1921 by M.N.Roy.kakory Train Robbery on Aug 9, 1925.Communal riots of 1923-25 in Multan, Amritsar, Delhi, etc. Swami Sharaddhanand a great nationalist and a leader of the Arya Samajists was murdered in a communal orgy.

Lord Willingdon(1931-1936):.Second Round Table Conference in London in 1931. .On his return, Gandhi was again arrested and the Civil Disobedience Movement was resumed in Jn,1932.Communal Award (Aug 16, 1932) assigned seats to different religious communal. Gandhiji went on an epic fast in protest against this division. Third Round Table Conference in 1932. Poona pact was signed. The government of India Act(1935) was passed.

Lord Linlithgow(1936-1944):.Govt.of India Act enforced in the province. Congress ministries formed in 8 out of 11 provinces. They remained in power for about 2 years till Oct 1939, when they gave up office on the issue of India having been dragged into the II World War. The Muslim League observed the day as ‘Deliverance Day'(22 December). .Churchill became the British PM in May 1940. He declared that the Atlantic Charted (issued jointly by the UK and US of them)does not apply to India.0utbreak of World War II in 1939. .Cripps Mission in 1942.Quit India Movement (August 8, 1942)

Lord Wavell(1944-1947): Arranged the Shimla Conference on June 25, 1945, with Indian National Congress and Muslim League: failed. .Cabinet Mission Plan (may 16,1946).The first meeting of the constituent assembly was held on Dec.9, 1946.

Lord Mountbatten(Mar.1947-Aug.1947):.Last Viceroy of British India and the first Governor-General of free India. Partition of India decided by the June 3Plan. Retired in June 1948 and was succeeded by C.Rajagopalachari (the first and the last Indian Governor-General of free India).