Statistics STATISTICS is defined as the science which helps in drawing a useful conclusion from numerical data. PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION OF THE DATA We may represent numerical data through pictures or graphs, called pictorial representing the data. Representing numerical data by using picture symbols is called a pictograph. Representing numerical data through pictographs is time-consuming […]
Rectangular solids Anything which occupies space is called a solid. A solid figure bounded by six rectangular faces of which every two opposite sides are equal and parallel is called a rectangular solid or a cuboid. Each plane surface of a solid is called a face. The curved surface of a solid is called
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Congruence Concept of Congruence In our daily life, we observe the shaving blades of different brands always fit into a safety-razor. Why? All the blades are identical as they have exactly the same size and shape. Other examples are a pattern repeated in a printed fabric, two key of the same lock, any original part
Lines and Angles Lines and Angles Types and Properties Parallel lines Two lines are parallel, if They are in the same plane and Do not intersect The distance between two parallel lines does not change. That is why these lines do not meet anywhere. Transversal line If two lines AB and CD, parallel or non-parallel,
Relation And Mapping ORDERED PAIR By an orders pair (a, b) we mean a pair of two number a and b, strictly in the order with an at the first place and b at the second places Clearly ordered pair (a, b) not equal ordered pair (b, a) In an ordered pair (a, b), a
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Formulas Formula: Change of Subject of Formula A formula is algebraic . It is written in the form of an equation by using variables and mathematical symbols. Change of Subject of a Formula The subject of a formula is the variable that is expressed in terms of the other variables. Thus p=4s becomes p/4 =s
Identity An identity is equality which is true for all values of the variables. FACTORISATION Factors: When an expression is the product of two or more expressions each of these expressions is called factors of the product. Factorization: The process of writing a given expression as the product of two or more factors is
Simple Equation Equation An equation is a statement of equality between two algebraic expressions called members. If the equation is of a first degree then it is called linear equations. To solve an equation means to find the value of the variable which satisfies it. A value that satisfies an equation is called a
Simplification of Algebraic Fractions Fractions which involve algebraic quantity either in the numerator or in the denominator on in both are called algebraic fractions. The rules that are followed in the case of fractions can also be used for the simplification of these algebraic fractions.
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Brackets Use of Grouping Symbols Sometimes in a given expression, the terms are distributed in various groups, using grouping symbols, namely Parenthesis ( ); Braces { } Brackets [ ] In such groups, parenthesis from the innermost part followed by braces and they then covered by brackets So we first simplify the term contained
